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氘作为氢的重要同位素，不仅具有与氢相似的物理化学性质，还在核聚变、半导体制造、新型OLED发光材料、光纤制造、医药研发等高新技术领域展现出独特的应用价值。同时随着可控核聚变技术的快速发展以及氘代药物需求的持续增长，高纯度氘气的制备技术日益受到学术界和产业界的重视。本文系统梳理了氘气制备技术的研究进展，介绍了激光法、电解重水法、精馏法、钯合金薄膜或金属氢化物法、气相色谱法等制备氘气及提纯的方法并分析其优缺点；在检测分析方面，具体分析了高分辨质谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法、气相色谱法、核磁共振法等方法；最后分析固体氧化物电解池电解技术在氘气制备方面的未来发展，并对氘气的发展前景做出展望。
Abstract：As a vital isotope of hydrogen,deuterium not only shares similar physicochemical properties with hydrogen but also demonstrates unique application value across cutting-edge technologies such as nuclear fusion,semiconductor manufacturing,novel OLED luminescent materials,optical fiber production,and pharmaceutical development.With the rapid advancement of controlled nuclear fusion technology and the growing demand for deuterated pharmaceuticals,high-purity deuterium gas preparation techniques have gained increasing attention from both academia and industry.This paper systematically reviews research progress in deuterium production technologies, outlining preparation and purification methods including laser-based processes,heavy water electrolysis,cryogenic distillation,palladium alloy membrane/metal hydride separation,and gas chromatography.For analytical detection,we comprehensively evaluate high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.Furthermore,the paper examines the potential development of solid oxide electrolysis cells for deuterium production and concludes with a forward-looking perspective on deuterium gas applications. The analysis provides critical insights into technological advantages,limitations,and future optimization pathways across these methodologies.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13774/j.cnki.kjtb.2025.06.004
中图分类号:TQ116.2
引用信息:
[1]王菁,赵方菡,罗易兰,等.氘气制备工艺及应用研究进展[J].科技通报,2025,41(06):37-43.DOI:10.13774/j.cnki.kjtb.2025.06.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（52172199）
2025-04-30
2025
2025-06-15
2025
1
2025-06-15
2025-06-15