科技通报

本文设计了一种利用储气罐瞬间释放高压空气产生压缩波的简易实验装置，并基于AMESim软件建立了系统仿真模型，探究了模型中元件子模型的选取以及关键参数对压缩波波形的影响规律。仿真结果表明：气动腔子模型的影响可忽略；可调孔板的Perry模型更接近真实阀门特性；孔板后端连接管道及测点两端的气动管道均采用简单波动方程以表征变截面传播特性。基于10个孔板并联的仿真模型可知：压缩波的幅值及梯度随气动腔压力、可调孔板个数及孔径和后端连接管道管径的增大而上升；压缩波的幅值、上升梯度及频率随可调孔板开启时间、后端连接管道长度和气动管道管径的增大而下降。该模型为实验装置的设计提供参数影响依据，后续需通过实验数据进行验证并优化。

This paper designs a simple experimental device that utilizes the instantaneous release of high-pressure air from a storage tank to generate compression waves. A system simulation model is established based on the AMESim software. This paper explores the selection of component sub-models in the model and the influence laws of key parameters on the compression wave waveform. The simulation results show that the influence of the pneumatic cavity sub-model can be ignored; The Perry model of the adjustable orifice plate is closer to the actual valve characteristics;The pneumatic pipes at the rear end of the orifice plate and at both ends of the measuring points are all represented by simple wave equations to characterize the propagation characteristics of the variable cross-section. Based on the simulation model of ten orifice plates in parallel,it can be known that the amplitude and gradient of the compression wave increase with the increase of the pneumatic cavity pressure,the number of adjustable orifice plates,the orifice diameter,and the diameter of the rear-end connecting pipe; The amplitude,gradient,and frequency of the compression wave decrease with the increase of the opening time of the adjustable orifice plate,the length of the rear-end connecting pipe,and the diameter of the pneumatic pipe. This model provides parameter influence basis for the design of the experimental device,and it needs to be verified and optimized through experimental data.