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随着高速列车运行速度的不断提升，尾车流线型设计对尾迹流动特性及气动性能的影响日益突出。本文构建3种不同尾车横截面模型，采用数值仿真方法，研究了不同尾车横截面形态对尾迹流动结构及气动载荷的作用机制，揭示尾车几何参数与尾流气动效应之间的关系，对比分析了尾车阻力系数、升力系数、尾流压力分布、流动扰动衰减特征及轨旁与站台高度列车风峰值和最大临界值。研究表明：随着尾车外切角由9.1°增加至10.4°，尾车阻力系数和升力系数分别降低约1.61%和1.88%；当外切角减小至8.3°时，阻力系数和升力系数分别增大约1.49%和14.07%。尾流区气流堆积和局部压力随外切角减小而增大，扰动衰减更快，能量变化更为剧烈；外切角增大则使尾流扰动衰减缓慢，流场更加平稳。尾车轮廓形态对列车风最大临界值有显著影响，大外切角模型的列车风最大临界值明显降低，更有利于减弱近地面及站台区域气动扰动。尾车横截面形态显著调控尾迹流动及其气动特性，合理优化尾车流线型参数可有效降低尾车气动阻力，改善尾迹列车风，提升高速列车运行安全性。
Abstract：As the operating speed of high-speed trains continues to increase,the impact of the streamlined design of the rear car on wake flow characteristics and aerodynamic performance has become increasingly significant.This paper established three different rear car cross-sectional models and employs numerical simulation methods to investigate the mechanism by which different rear car cross-sectional shapes affect wake flow structures and aerodynamic loads. It reveals the relationship between the geometric parameters of the rear car and the aerodynamic effects of the wake,and conducts a comparative analysis of the rear car's drag coefficient, lift coefficient, wake pressure distribution,characteristics of flow disturbance attenuation,as well as the peak values and maximum critical values of train-induced wind at trackside and platform heights. The study indicates that as the external tangent angle of the rear car increases from 9.1° to 10.4°,the drag coefficient and lift coefficient of the rear car decrease by approximately 1.61% and 1.88%respectively.When the external tangent angle decreases to 8.3°,the drag coefficient and lift coefficient increase by about 1.49% and 14.07% respectively.Airflow accumulation and local pressure in the wake region increase as the external tangent angle decreases,accompanied by faster disturbance attenuation and more intense energy changes.Conversely,an increase in the external tangent angle results in slower attenuation of wake disturbances and a more stable flow field.The contour shape of the tail car has a significant impact on the maximum critical value of train wind.The maximum critical value of train wind for the model with a large external tangent angle is significantly reduced,which is more conducive to mitigating aerodynamic disturbances in the near-ground and platform areas.The cross-sectional shape of the tail car significantly regulates the wake flow and its aerodynamic characteristics.Reasonable optimization of the streamlined parameters of the tail car can effectively reduce the aerodynamic drag of the tail car,improve the wake train wind,and enhance the operational safety of high-speed trains.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13774/j.cnki.kjtb.2025.08.001
中图分类号:U270.11
引用信息:
[1]黄凤仪,黄天祥,盖杰,等.高速列车尾车流线型参数对尾流扰动的影响[J].科技通报,2025,41(08):1-8.DOI:10.13774/j.cnki.kjtb.2025.08.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52372370); 中南大学研究生自主创新项目(2025ZZTS0623); 国家留学基金管理委员会项目(202406370145)